{"id":3079,"date":"2023-09-19T22:57:38","date_gmt":"2023-09-19T19:57:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/yillik.kizilayakademi.org.tr\/?p=3079"},"modified":"2023-09-20T16:11:27","modified_gmt":"2023-09-20T13:11:27","slug":"current-developments-and-future-outlook-in-the-field-of-climate-change-in-turkiye","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/yillik.kizilayakademi.org.tr\/en\/current-developments-and-future-outlook-in-the-field-of-climate-change-in-turkiye\/","title":{"rendered":"Current Developments and Future Outlook in the Field of Climate Change in T\u00fcrkiye"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Climate change has various effects in different regions of the world. The Mediterranean Basin, including T\u00fcrkiye, is one of the regions where the negative impacts of climate change are most pronounced. It is projected that the average temperature in the basin will increase by 2.5 degrees celcius-4 degrees celcius by the year 2100, and the negative impacts will further escalate in the future.<\/a>1<\/a><\/sup> Due to climate change, the number of hot days in T\u00fcrkiye is increasing, and rainfall patterns are becoming regular.<\/a>2<\/a><\/sup> In T\u00fcrkiye, significant loss of life and property occurs, especially in urban areas, due to climate-related extreme weather events and disasters. As emphasized in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 6th<\/sup> Assessment Report, climate change will manifest its effects more intensely, frequently, and widely in the near future.<\/a>3<\/a><\/sup> <\/a>4<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is stated that countries, including T\u00fcrkiye, will experience hydrological, meteorological, and agricultural droughts, and socio-economic sectors will be affected by these processes. All these factors necessitate comprehensive efforts in T\u00fcrkiye to combat and adapt to climate change. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00fcrkiye\u2019s Important Agenda Item in 2022: Climate Change<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As a result of the negative consequences it brings, there have been significant efforts to combat climate change in T\u00fcrkiye in 2022. The groundwork for these endeavors was primarily laid with important developments in the final months of 2021.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Through the Presidential Decree numbered 85, dated October 29, 2021, the Ministry of Environment and Urbanization was restructured as the Ministry of Environment, Urbanization, and Climate Change. This ministry undertakes the general coordination and secretariat of the Climate Change and Adaptation Coordination Board (CCACB), which determines T\u00fcrkiye\u2019s climate change policies and represents ministries, the private sector, and civil society organizations at the highest level of decision-making. With the Presidential Decree numbered 85, CCACB was also restructured, ensuring the participation of academia and scientific institutions (Higher Education Council, TUBITAK) and top-level representatives of local governments (Union of Turkish Municipalities).<\/a>5<\/a><\/sup> <\/a>6<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As of October 7, 2021, T\u00fcrkiye became party to the Paris Climate Agreement and the agreement entered into force as of November 10, 2021. In line with this, T\u00fcrkiye announced its \u2018Green Development\u2019 Policy and the \u20182053 Net-Zero Emissions\u2019 target.<\/a>7<\/a><\/sup> <\/a>8<\/a><\/sup> T\u00fcrkiye became a party to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change in 2004 and the protocol of the convention, the \u2018Kyoto Protocol\u2019 in 2009. However, becoming a party to the \u2018Paris Agreement\u2019 signifies a higher level of commitment to combating climate change and advancing national efforts towards adaptation.<\/a>9<\/a><\/sup> In this regard, T\u00fcrkiye has set its climate change agenda for 2022 accordingly and has carried out significant work and projects in all sectors. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the most important initiatives in the field of climate change in T\u00fcrkiye was the \u2018Climate Council,\u2019 which was carried out with broad participation from government institutions, academia, the private sector, local governments, and civil society organizations. The purpose of the council was to develop T\u00fcrkiye\u2019s new vision on climate change and to present a participatory understanding of green transformation in light of evolving and changing conditions. Participants expressed their views under seven commissions titled \u2018Greenhouse Gas Reduction,\u2019 \u2018Science and Technology,\u2019 \u2018Green Financing and Carbon Pricing,\u2019 \u2018Climate Change Adaptation,\u2019 \u2018Local Governments, Migration, Just Transition, and Other Social Policies\u2019 as part of the preparation of the Climate Action Plan by the Ministry of Environment and Urbanization in 2022. A total of 217 decisions were included in the council\u2019s final statement.<\/a>10<\/a><\/sup> The importance of these decisions lies in their role in shaping T\u00fcrkiye\u2019s future climate change policies and laying the foundation for relevant legislation. These decisions are significant for the development of T\u00fcrkiye\u2019s Long-Term Strategy on Climate Change.<\/a>6<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition to the preparation processes of these documents, the updating works of T\u00fcrkiye\u2019s National Climate Change Strategy Document prepared in 2010 and 2011, as well as the Climate Change National Action Plan and Climate Change Adaptation Strategy and Action Plan towards the 2023 goals, are also carried out by the Ministry of Environment and Urbanization.<\/a>11<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00fcrkiye fulfills its obligations to report national notifications and greenhouse gas emissions to the UNFCCC Secretariat through biennial reporting within the scope of the UNFCCC, to which it is party. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019s 7th<\/sup> National Communication on Climate Change was presented to the Secretariat in 2018, and the 4th<\/sup> Biennial Report was submitted in 2019. Preparatory work for the 8th<\/sup> National Communication and 5th<\/sup> Biennial Report continued in 2022.<\/a>12<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00fcrkiye\u2019s Updated Greenhouse Gas Reduction Target was requested during the process leading up to the adoption of the Paris Agreement at the 21st<\/sup> Conference of the Parties to the UNFCCC (COP21) in 2015. Parties to the UNFCCC were asked to submit their Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) regarding global climate change mitigation to the UNFCCC Secretariat.<\/a>13<\/a><\/sup> T\u00fcrkiye submitted its INDC on September 30, 2015, stating a reduction of greenhouse gas emissions by up to 21% by 2030 compared to the reference scenario. However, at COP27 held in Sharm El-Sheikh, Egypt, in November 2022, T\u00fcrkiye updated its commitment to a 41% reduction.<\/a>14<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As a developing country, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019s responsibility in global greenhouse gas emissions is less than 1%. According to the National Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventory published by TURKSTAT in 2022, the energy sector has the largest share in emission production with 70.2% followed by agriculture (14%), industrial processes and product use (12.7%), and waste (3.1%).<\/a>15<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Throughout 2022, significant efforts have been made in T\u00fcrkiye towards reducing greenhouse gas emissions, including the establishment of the \u2018Border Carbon Adjustment, Emission Trading System\u2019 (ETS). One of the main reasons for this is T\u00fcrkiye\u2019s relationship with the European Union, which accounts for approximately 40% of its international trade. In 2019, the EU initiated the process of making Europe the \u2018first climate-neutral continent\u2019 through its \u2018European Green Deal,\u2019 which has influenced T\u00fcrkiye. Activities carried out within sectoral working groups established in line with the Green Deal Action Plan, published as a result of the studies coordinated by the Ministry of Trade, have continued throughout 2022.<\/a>16<\/a><\/sup> <\/a>17<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Under the heading of green and circular economy in the action plan, topics such as the preparation of T\u00fcrkiye\u2019s Circular Economy Action Plan, National Sustainable Consumption and Production Action Plan, and Water Reuse Master Plan, as well as \u2018Green Industrial Zone\u2019 certification, \u2018T\u00fcrkiye Environmental Label,\u2019 waste management, and resource efficiency are included.<\/a>18<\/a><\/sup> In addition, the \u2018Technical Support Project for Assessing T\u00fcrkiye\u2019s Potential for Transitioning to a Circular Economy,\u2019 funded by the Instrument for Pre-Accession Assistance (IPA) of the EU, was launched on February 7, 2022, with the aim of improving and developing circular economy studies and practices in T\u00fcrkiye and establishing a roadmap.<\/a>19<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The observations regarding the importance of a circular economy, decarbonization across all sectors, energy efficiency, and electrification in transporation for T\u00fcrkiye to achieve its 2053 targets are also included in the T\u00fcrkiye Country Climate and Development Report prepared by the World Bank in 2022.<\/a>20<\/a><\/sup> Minister of Environment, Urbanization and Climate Change Murat Kurum announced that greenhouse gas reduction and circular economy are important components of the \u2018Zero Waste\u2019 project, with a recycling target of 35% by 2023, and it was stated that the ETS system will be implemented in 2023 as well.<\/a>14<\/a><\/sup> <\/a>21<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Studies on renewable energy sources, which are an important alternative to fossil fuels in reducing greenhouse gas emissions, have also been ongoing, and currently, 54% of T\u00fcrkiye\u2019s installed capacity is provided by renewable sources.<\/a>14<\/a><\/sup> Additionally, another significant development in line with the net-zero target is the completion of the work on T\u00fcrkiye\u2019s first electric vehicle, TOGG, in 2022, and the announcement by the Ministry of Industry and Technology that production of 1 million units is targeted by 2030.<\/a>22<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the \u2018Medium-Term Program\/2023-2025 (MTP)\u2019 published in the Official Gazette on September 4, 2022, and prepared by the Presidency of Strategy and Budget and the Ministry of Treasury and Finance, the topic of green transformation is emphasized, aiming to determine the additional investment and financing amounts required by sectors and the roadmaps for transitioning to low-carbon production in line with their net-zero emission targets.<\/a>23<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00fcrkiye\u2019s Climate Change Adaptation and Disaster Management Efforts<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In T\u00fcrkiye, in addition to combating climate change, other prominent issues in 2022 were \u2018adaptation to the effects of climate change\u2019 and \u2018disaster risk management.\u2019 In this context, significant projects are being carried out, particularly benefiting from the EU IPA funds. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Under the coordination of CSIDB and UNDP, the establishment of T\u00fcrkiye\u2019s first \u2018Climate Platform,\u2019 the preparation of Climate Change Adaptation Action Plans in four pilot provinces (Mu\u011fla, Konya, Sakarya, Samsun), conducting impact and vulnerability analyses for T\u00fcrkiye, preparing a Catalogue of Nature-Based Solutions against the effects of climate change, conducting training activities for awareness-raising and capacity development for public institutions, local governments, and providing grants for climate change projects are important components of the \u2018Strengthening Climate Adaptation Action in T\u00fcrkiye\u2019 project.<\/a>24<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Additionally, according to statistics released by TUIK in 2022, in urban areas where 93.2%<\/a>25<\/a><\/sup> of the population lives, efforts are underway to establish a national standard based on Local Climate Change Action Plans (LCCAP) prepared by local governments on a voluntary basis to prevent losses and damages caused by climate-related extreme weather events and disasters in T\u00fcrkiye. The Climate Platform announced that an e-LCCAP system has been established under its umbrella.<\/a>26<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition to these efforts, activities within AFAD\u2019s \u2018Technical Support for Enhancing AFAD\u2019s Capacity in Reducing Disaster Risks and Adaptation to Climate Change-Induced Disasters in T\u00fcrkiye\u2019 project continued in 2022.<\/a>27<\/a><\/sup> AFAD prepared Provincial Disaster Risk Reduction Plans (PDRRP) for all 81 provinces and based on them, the T\u00fcrkiye Disaster Risk Reduction Plan. Climate change was one of the important topics addressed in this plan.<\/a>28<\/a><\/sup> <\/a>29<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another important activity within the scope of adaptation is the increase in awareness of climate change and the development of capacities of different segments of society. In 2022, the Ministry of National Education completed the curriculum for the \u2018Environmental Education and Climate Change\u2019 course.<\/a>30<\/a><\/sup> Additionally, a \u2018Collaboration Protocol for the Creation of Sustainable and Climate-Friendly Campuses\u2019 was signed between the Council of Higher Education (Y\u00d6K) and the Presidency of Strategy and Budget.<\/a>31<\/a><\/sup> T\u00dcB\u0130TAK organized a climate change research project competition for high school students. The Presidency of Strategy and Budget initiated the \u2018Climate Ambassadors\u2019 program, ensuring active participation of young people representing universities throughout T\u00fcrkiye in climate studies.<\/a>32<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Furthermore, in 2022, various non-governmental organizations such as TEMA, WWF, Clean Energy Foundation, and Global Balance Association implemented significant projects targeting different segments of society, local governments, and employees in various sectors.<\/a>33<\/a><\/sup> <\/a>34<\/a><\/sup> <\/a>35<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Conclusion<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In T\u00fcrkiye, the impacts of extreme weather events and disasters associated with climate change on various economic sectors such as water, agriculture, energy, industry, tourism, as well as ecosystems, human health, and social structure, necessitate the urgent consideration of greenhouse gas reduction, adaptation, and resilience within the scope of climate change mitigation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In order to achieve national security and climate-resilient development, it is essential to continue the process of implementing short-term, medium-term, and long-term actions related to climate change. This process involves identifying and implementing measures to address climate change and ensure a transformation towards climate-resilient development. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The ratification of the Paris Agreement and the goal of achieving net-zero emissions by 2053 have initiated a new era in climate change policies in T\u00fcrkiye. In future endeavors, it is crucial to diversify climate investments and financial resources, as well as transition to low-carbon technologies and business models across all sectors. This will facilitate effective implementation of climate change mitigation and adaptation processes, as well as the creation of green jobs and industries.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Adapting to the current and anticipated impacts of climate change in T\u00fcrkiye is another important policy area. In locally prepared Climate Change Action Plans, it is necessary to include not only greenhouse gas reduction actions but also comprehensive adaptation measures tailored to local conditions. This is particularly essential in conditions where the adverse effects of climate change are expected to increase. Developing early warning systems and strengthening inter-agency collaboration for accurate and up-to-date collection, impact analysis, and vulnerability assessments related to climate change are vital. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Furthermore, within the scope of adaptation actions, promoting the use of nature-based solutions in cities and prioritizing efforts to enhance societal awareness and capacity-building should be addressed. Strenthening international collaborations and fostering inclusive, participatory processes across all segments of society are crucial for enhancing efforts to combat climate change. This approach will enable T\u00fcrkiye to achieve its goal of net-zero emissions by 2053 and green development policies, leading not only to environmental benefits but also to economic and social progress.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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30.<\/strong> Republic of T\u00fcrkiye Ministry of National Education. (2022). \u201c\u00c7evre e\u011fitimi ve iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi\u201d dersinin m\u00fcfredat\u0131 tamamland\u0131<\/em>. https:\/\/www.meb.gov.tr\/cevre-egitimi-ve-iklim-degisikligi-dersinin-mufredati-tamamlandi\/haber\/25946\/tr\u00a0
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31.<\/strong> ZeroWaste. (2022). S\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir ve iklim dostu kamp\u00fcs olu\u015fturulmas\u0131 alan\u0131nda i\u015f birli\u011fi protokol\u00fc imzaland\u0131<\/em>. https:\/\/sifiratik.gov.tr\/kutuphane\/haberler\/surdurulebilir-ve-iklim-dostu-kampus-olusturulmasi-alaninda-is-birligi-protokolu-imzalandi\u00a0
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32.<\/strong> T\u00dcB\u0130TAK. (2022). Lise \u00f6\u011frencileri iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi ara\u015ft\u0131rma projeleri yar\u0131\u015fmas\u0131. <\/em>https:\/\/www.tubitak.gov.tr\/tr\/yarismalar\/icerik-2204-d-lise-ogrencileri-iklim-degisikligi-arastirma-projeleri-yarismasi\u00a0
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33.<\/strong> TEMA. (2022). E\u011fitim programlar\u0131. <\/em>https:\/\/www.tema.org.tr\/calismalarimiz\/ egitim\/egitim-projeleri\/iklim-degisikligi\u00a0
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34.<\/strong> TEV. (2022). Yerelden ulusala iklim a\u011f\u0131 projesi. https:\/\/temizenerji. org\/2022\/11\/23\/yerelden-ulusala-iklim-agi-projesi-sona-erdi-proje-iklim-politikalarinda-yerel-yonetimlerin-onemine-dikkat-cekti\/\u00a0
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35.<\/strong> B4G. (2022). \u0130\u015f d\u00fcnyas\u0131 iklim dayan\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 projesi. https:\/\/www.business4goals. org\/is-dunyasi-iklim-dayanikliligi-projesi\/
Reference\u00a0\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Climate change has various effects in different regions of the world. The Mediterranean Basin, including T\u00fcrkiye, is one of the regions where the negative impacts of climate change are most pronounced. It is projected that the average temperature in the basin will increase by 2.5 degrees celcius-4 degrees celcius by the year 2100, and the…<\/p>\n

Read more »<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[22],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3079","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-academic-assessments","years-60","institution-ankara-haci-bayram-veli-university"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/yillik.kizilayakademi.org.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3079","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/yillik.kizilayakademi.org.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/yillik.kizilayakademi.org.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/yillik.kizilayakademi.org.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/yillik.kizilayakademi.org.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3079"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/yillik.kizilayakademi.org.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3079\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/yillik.kizilayakademi.org.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3079"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/yillik.kizilayakademi.org.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3079"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/yillik.kizilayakademi.org.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3079"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}